On 1 July 2010, two suicide bombers killed 42 people at Data Darbar, a 900-year-old shrine which houses Sufi saint Data Gunj Bakhsh Ali Hajveri’s grave, in Lahore. Sufi shrines have been regularly attacked in Pakistan. Then, between 20, 1,659 Shias were killed and 2,950 injured in 320 incidents of terrorism. In Purifying the Land of the Pure: Pakistan’s Religious Minorities, Farahnaz Ispahani tells us that between 2001 and President General Pervez Musharraf’s resignation in 2008, at least 713 Shias were killed and 1,343 wounded in eighty-six terrorist attacks. Most people associate Sufism with Shias but ‘soft’ Sunnis, who often share religious observances with Shias, also revere Sufi saints and visit their shrines. Qawwali is one of the musical forms - and perhaps the most important one - through which Sufism speaks.
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